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Banking & Finance

Community banks want relief, crypto wants clarity, and consumers want protection from a watchdog whose funding keeps getting cut — can banking regulation serve all three without picking winners?

Each issue breaks into the specific questions Congress actually fights over. Read each position, then head to the interactive version of this issue to mark which reflects your view and build a message to your representatives.

Component 1 of 5
Community bank capital & regulatory relief

Consumer Protection & Oversight

Community banks provide vital credit access in rural and underserved areas, and easing overly burdensome capital rules for genuinely small institutions makes sense. But relief aimed at community banks shouldn't become a template for weakening capital standards at large, systemically important banks under the same "tailoring" banner.

Targeted Reform

There is broad agreement that capital and reporting requirements should scale with an institution's size and risk profile rather than apply identically to a $500 million rural bank and a trillion-dollar national one. Phased-in capital standards for newly chartered banks and a lower leverage ratio for rural community banks are low-risk, targeted fixes.

Deregulation & Growth

Banking regulation has grown so complex that only a handful of new bank charters are approved most years, starving small businesses and rural communities of local lending relationships. Tailoring capital rules to institution size and streamlining new-bank formation is overdue deregulation, not risk-taking.

Documented compromise zone
The Promoting New Bank Formation Act's phased-in capital standards and rural community bank leverage ratio, alongside the Main Street Capital Access Act's broader tailoring provisions, drew support from community banking advocates and reform-minded regulators on both sides of the aisle.
Promoting New Bank Formation Act of 2025, S. 113 (119th Congress); Main Street Capital Access Act, H.R. 6955 (119th Congress)
Component 2 of 5
Debanking & "fair access" to financial services

Consumer Protection & Oversight

Banks should retain the ability to manage their own risk, including declining to serve industries they've assessed as high-risk based on documented, quantifiable factors. A blanket "fair access" mandate risks forcing banks to serve payday lenders, gun dealers, or other industries regardless of legitimate risk-management judgment.

Targeted Reform

Banks shouldn't be able to deny services based solely on political or reputational disapproval of an otherwise lawful business, but they should retain discretion based on documented, individualized, risk-based standards. Requiring written justification for any denial is a reasonable middle path.

Deregulation & Growth

"Operation Choke Point"-style debanking of lawful businesses — firearms dealers, cryptocurrency firms, politically disfavored nonprofits — for purely political or reputational reasons is a serious abuse of banks' privileged position in the financial system, and it needs a real remedy, including the ability to sue.

Documented compromise zone
The Fair Access to Banking Act's central compromise — barring reputational-risk-only denials while still allowing quantifiable, individualized risk-based refusals, with written justification required — passed out of committee with some bipartisan interest in stopping explicitly political debanking without eliminating banks' safety-and-soundness discretion.
Fair Access to Banking Act, H.R. 987 / S. 401 (119th Congress)
Component 3 of 5
Stablecoin & crypto regulation

Consumer Protection & Oversight

The GENIUS Act's light-touch capital rules leave stablecoin holders more exposed than bank depositors, and history — Tether's opacity, the 2023 Silicon Valley Bank scare that hit Circle's reserves — shows stablecoins "haven't proven to be all that stable." Capital and reserve requirements should be tightened before stablecoins scale further into everyday payments.

Targeted Reform

The GENIUS Act's basic framework — federal chartering, mandatory reserve backing, bankruptcy-code priority for holders' claims — was a genuine bipartisan achievement. The open question is implementation: whether the OCC's tailored capital approach for "permitted payment stablecoin issuers" ends up meaningfully protective or just light enough to invite undercapitalized entrants.

Deregulation & Growth

The GENIUS Act rightly avoids imposing legacy bank-style capital mandates that would push U.S. stablecoin activity offshore. Tailoring capital and risk-management requirements to a stablecoin issuer's actual business model, rather than treating it like a full-service bank, is the right way to keep this innovation onshore and regulated.

Documented compromise zone
The GENIUS Act passed the House 308-122 with broad bipartisan support, establishing federal chartering, mandatory reserve backing, and bankruptcy-code super-priority for stablecoin holders' claims — real consumer protection paired with a clear legal pathway for issuers, even as banks and crypto firms continue fighting over the details of implementation.
GENIUS Act (signed into law July 18, 2025); House passage 308-122; OCC proposed rule implementing GENIUS Act (Feb. 25, 2026)
Component 4 of 5
CFPB funding & authority

Consumer Protection & Oversight

The CFPB has returned more than $21 billion directly to defrauded consumers, and the administration's attempt to argue the Federal Reserve has no "combined earnings" to fund it — an interpretation two separate federal judges have now rejected — is a transparent effort to shut the agency down without Congress ever repealing the law that created it.

Targeted Reform

Even members who favor more oversight of the CFPB's independent funding structure should prefer that Congress, not a unilateral Office of Legal Counsel opinion, decide the agency's ultimate fate. Requiring additional public reporting on Federal Reserve funding requests is a reasonable transparency step that doesn't require resolving the larger structural fight.

Deregulation & Growth

The CFPB's Dodd-Frank funding structure — drawing directly from the Federal Reserve with no congressional appropriation — was designed specifically to insulate it from democratic accountability. Congress already cut the statutory funding cap nearly in half; bringing the agency fully into the normal appropriations process is the logical next step.

Documented compromise zone
The FY2026 Consolidated Appropriations Act's requirement that the CFPB publicly report its Federal Reserve funding requests to congressional committees was a modest, enacted step toward transparency that passed without resolving the larger funding-structure dispute now before the courts.
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, P.L. 119-75, Div. E, Sec. 762; One Big Beautiful Bill Act funding-cap reduction (12% to 6.5% of Federal Reserve 2009 operating expenses); Nat'l Treasury Employees Union v. Vought (D.D.C. 2025)
Component 5 of 5
Payment network competition

Consumer Protection & Oversight

Interchange fees function as a hidden tax passed to consumers through higher retail prices, and the two dominant card networks have blocked competing routing options for over a decade. The Credit Card Competition Act's mandate for a second, non-Visa/Mastercard routing option on credit transactions is overdue, following the model that already works for debit cards.

Targeted Reform

Routing competition has worked reasonably well for debit cards since the Durbin Amendment, but extending the same mandate to credit cards is a bigger and riskier lift, since credit card rewards and fraud-protection features are more tightly bundled with network exclusivity. A narrow pilot would be worth trying before a blanket mandate.

Deregulation & Growth

Mandating routing competition on credit cards risks gutting the rewards programs and fraud-protection investment that come from network exclusivity, without solid evidence it would lower prices for consumers rather than simply shift profit margins between banks and large retailers.

Documented compromise zone
No version of the Credit Card Competition Act has advanced past committee in three consecutive Congresses, but its debit-card predecessor — the Durbin Amendment — demonstrates a working model of routing choice paired with a security-standards floor, which supporters point to as evidence the concept could work if narrowed and phased in carefully.
Credit Card Competition Act of 2026, S. 3623 (119th Congress); Durbin Amendment, Dodd-Frank Act Sec. 1075 (2010)
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